This session will discuss emerging treatments and disease indications for therapeutic apheresis. The first speaker will examine the potential role of plasma exchange in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), both as a therapeutic and a prophylactic treatment. The published literature will be objectively reviewed concerning its potential role. The second speaker will discuss a modification to the routine red cell exchange procedure used to treat sickle cell anemia. This modification and its advantages and indications will be reviewed. Finally, the third speaker will discuss the potential role of therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and its potential to delay or avoid cardiac transplantation in this disorder. While not currently widely used in the United States, this treatment is accepted care in some European countries. The available treatment options and the evidence supporting its use will be summarized.