Advances in neuroscience and psychometrics are changing our ideas about the nature of intelligence and creativity. Many of these advances have direct application to classroom teaching and guidance. The Counseling Laboratory for the Exploration of Optimal States (CLEOS) at the University of Kansas has developed a method of identification of creatively gifted students by comparing their achievement, personality, and interest profiles to those of eminent individuals. Profiles are developed in each domain of talent – not only the conventional verbal and mathematical areas, but also in such high-demand areas as technical inventiveness and interpersonal intuitiveness. The findings on creativity and giftedness, and what they mean for the classroom teacher, will be presented.