How do you challenge a first grader who understands the infinite nature of numbers? What do you do with a second grade student who can draw and describe equivalent fractions? This presentation addresses the need to differentiate the mathematics program for primary students utilizing instructional practices and curriculum approaches that are responsive to the needs of high-ability learners. Teachers discover how to meet the unique needs of this age group with strategies that encompass problem solving, critical thinking, questioning, and attention to individual learning preferences and interests.